[common] Support all TIMESTAMP precisions in the numeric string cast

[LuciferYang]

Purpose

close #9621

BinaryStringUtils.fromMillisToTimestamp implemented the numeric-string to TIMESTAMP conversion as a switch over precisions 0, 3, 6 and 9, and threw RuntimeException("Unsupported precision: N") for everything else. TimestampType allows 0 through 9, so CAST('1700000000' AS TIMESTAMP(4)) failed on a perfectly legal column type while the same string worked at precision 3.

The four implemented cases are one formula sampled at four points: the value counts units of 10^-precision seconds, so a unit is 10^(3 - precision) milliseconds. Writing that formula covers all ten precisions, and it produces exactly what the four cases produced. At precision 6 the old code computed epoch / 1000 and (epoch % 1000) * 1000; the formula gives divisor = 1000, epoch / 1000 and (epoch % 1000) * 1_000_000 / 1000, which is the same value. Precisions 0, 3 and 9 line up the same way, so the four cases are gone rather than left beside the general path.

The remainder is scaled before it is divided, so no digit the string carried is lost: "170000000012" at precision 8 gives 1700000 ms plus 120 ns. The existing negative-nanos correction below the branch is unchanged and still does the borrow, so "-1700000001" at precision 7 gives -170001 ms plus 999900 ns rather than a negative offset. Out-of-range precisions still throw the same message, now checked once against 0..9 instead of falling out of a switch.

Tests

BinaryStringUtilsTest.testToTimestamp gains nine rows: one hour expressed in each of the six previously rejected units, two cases where the remainder lands below a millisecond and has to come back as nanos-of-millisecond (precision 5 and precision 8), and a negative epoch at precision 7. testInvalidPrecisions drops 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8, keeping 10 and -1.

Against the unfixed code nine of those rows error with RuntimeException: Unsupported precision.

mvn -pl paimon-common -Dtest=BinaryStringUtilsTest test on JDK 8: 31 tests, 0 failures. spotless:check and checkstyle:check on paimon-common are clean.