MINOR: [C++] Bump bundled GTest version

[pitrou]

Rationale for this change

This fixes some compilation errors with recent clang compilers, as seen on some of the C++ Extra workflow builds (on macOS, but I got similar errors on Ubuntu 24.04 with recent conda-forge compilers).

Example errors include:

/Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/cpp/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h:302:10: error: 'visibility' attribute cannot be applied to types
  302 |   friend GTEST_API_ WithoutMatchers GetWithoutMatchers();
      |          ^
/usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h:849:22: note: expanded from macro 'GTEST_API_'
  849 | #define GTEST_API_ [[gnu::visibility("default")]]
      |                      ^

/Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/cpp/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h:4741:21: error: no template named 'StringLike' in namespace 'testing::internal'; did you mean 'StringType'?
 4741 |     const internal::StringLike<T>& str) {
      |           ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~
      |                     StringType

/Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/cpp/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h:1470:15: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'MutexLock' (aka 'testing::internal::GTestMutexLock')
 1470 |     MutexLock l(&g_gmock_mutex);
      |               ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

/Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/cpp/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h:1533:19: error: no member named 'Unlock' in 'testing::internal::MutexBase'; did you mean 'unlock'?
 1533 |     g_gmock_mutex.Unlock();
      |                   ^~~~~~
      |                   unlock

Are these changes tested?

By existing CI jobs. Also tested locally.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

[pitrou]

Example failing C++ Extra workflow (without these changes): https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/34227884512

[pitrou]

@kou This fixes all the C++ Extra failures. Do you want me to open an issue?

[pitrou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp

[kou]

+1

We don't need to create a new issue but could you add more context/information such as real error messages to the PR description or PR comment before we merge this? It may be useful when we search our history later.

[github-actions]

Revision: 3779014

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-41630fb4a0

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-debian-13-cpp-amd64
test-debian-13-cpp-i386
test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15
test-fedora-42-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer

[pitrou]

Okay, I update the PR description and will merge. Thank you @kou !