feat: add '--stats' when compiling, outputting a JSON of compilation stats

[SuperFola]

Description

When compiling a file via the CLI, one can now pass --stats to get statistics about the compilation process (timing of each compilation pass, counts of events...).

Checklist

• I confirm that I am the author of this code and release it to the ArkScript project under the MPL-2.0 licence. This contribution does not contain code from other sources, including code generated by a Large Language Model ("AI").

• CHANGELOG.md is updated for new features, bug fixes or other significant changes
• I have read the Contributor guide

Guidelines and best practices

• Title of pull request is clear and informative
• There are a small number of commits, each with an informative message, without any merge commit
• Code is formatted to follow the style guidelines
• Code is commented, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• Documentation has been updated, if needed (on https://github.com/ArkScript-lang/website, content/docs/)

Tests

• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature is working
• New and existing tests pass locally with my changes

[github-actions]

Static analysis report

Lizard report

Listing only functions with cyclomatic complexity >= 15 or NLOC >= 100 or parameters >= 6.

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	260:644	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::evaluate	3	353	119
src/arkscript/main.cpp	24:394	main	2	320	46
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	164:269	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visitKeyword	3	85	35
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	363:442	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileListInstruction	3	64	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	212:324	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileExpression	5	93	31
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	892:1040	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleFunctionCall	3	116	31
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	108:192	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::processNode	3	63	28
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	57:162	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visit	2	84	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IRInliner.cpp	262:334	Ark::internal::IRInliner::extractPagesMetadata	1	63	21
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	39:92	Ark::internal::Optimizer::countAndPruneDeadCode	1	45	20
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IRInliner.cpp	132:193	Ark::internal::IRInliner::isBuiltinProxy	1	48	19
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	522:615	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileFunction	3	67	19
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	94:148	Ark::internal::Optimizer::pruneUnusedGlobalVariables	1	49	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	839:890	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleOperator	3	42	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	107:129	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::nodeProducesOutput	1	18	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	637:685	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileLetMutSet	4	40	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	22:259	Ark::internal::IROptimizer::IROptimizer	2	215	12

Report about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	458:2071	Ark::VM::unsafeRun	2	1338	171
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	385:596	Ark::BytecodeReader::display	4	171	92
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	841:981	Ark::internal::Parser::string	1	136	47
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	45:192	Ark::Diagnostics::makeContext	4	109	44
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	27:276	JsonCompiler::_compile	1	214	38
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Slice.cpp	21:93	Ark::internal::Builtins::slice	1	63	34
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	189:295	Ark::internal::Node::repr	0	90	31
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	297:381	Ark::internal::Node::debugPrint	1	73	27
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	612:713	Ark::BytecodeReader::printInstruction	7	98	25
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	149:236	Ark::types::generateError	6	75	25
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.cpp	70:124	Ark::internal::NamespaceScope::get	3	42	24
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	32:147	Ark::types::displayContract	6	102	24
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	289:417	Ark::internal::Parser::import_	1	98	23
include/utf8.hpp	138:184	utf8::isValid	1	44	21
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Value.cpp	81:149	Ark::Value::toString	2	54	21
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2225:2319	Ark::VM::backtrace	3	81	20
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	212:274	Formatter::format	3	59	19
src/arkreactor/Builtins/String.cpp	47:113	fmt::formatter::parse	1	59	18
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	527:585	Formatter::formatCall	2	50	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	16:89	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::applyMacro	2	56	17
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Predicates.hpp	142:166	Ark::internal::IsSymbol::operator ( )	1	24	16
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	324:366	Formatter::formatFunction	2	36	16
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2083:2140	Ark::VM::throwArityError	4	47	15
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	99:156	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::unify	5	50	15
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Time.cpp	72:92	Ark::internal::Builtins::Time::makeTimestamp	6	20	5
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	194:211	Ark::Diagnostics::helper	7	17	2

---

CppCheck report

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	660	style	Consider using std::count_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/State.cpp	214	style	Variable 'bytecode_hash' is assigned a value that is never used.

Report files about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Bytecode.cpp	23	style	Parameter 'vm' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Time.cpp	32	style	Parameter 'n' can be declared as reference to const
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	20	performance	Variable 'm_arg_kinds' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/LocalsLocator.cpp	26	style	The scope of the variable 'data' can be reduced.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/ScopeResolver.cpp	136	style	Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/VM/SharedLibrary.cpp	0	information	Too many #ifdef configurations - cppcheck only checks 12 of 13 configurations. Use --force to check all configurations.
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	0	information	Too many #ifdef configurations - cppcheck only checks 12 of 13 configurations. Use --force to check all configurations.
include/Ark/VM/Value/Future.hpp	50	style	Unused private function: 'Future::deleteSelfViaVM'
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Future.cpp	23	performance	Variable 'm_value' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will improve performance by 1.5%

⚠️ Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

⚡ 1 improved benchmark
✅ 17 untouched benchmarks

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
⚡	create_closure	4.8 ms	4.7 ms	+1.5%

Tip

Curious why performance improved? Comment @codspeedbot explain why performance improved on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

---

_{Comparing feat/compiler-stats (ba55ab1) with dev (28c5a9e)}

[github-actions]

Super Instructions report

Some Super Instructions are under the usage threshold (24).

Super Instruction	Uses in compiled code
INCREMENT	23
APPEND_IN_PLACE_SYM_INDEX	23
DECREMENT	15
STORE_FROM	9
LT_CONST_JUMP_IF_FALSE	8
NEQ_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	4
CHECK_TYPE_OF	4
SET_VAL_TAIL	4
STORE_HEAD	2
NEQ_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	2
SET_VAL_TAIL_BY_INDEX	1
SET_VAL_HEAD_BY_INDEX	1
MUL_SET_VAL	1
SET_VAL_HEAD	1
STORE_TAIL	1

Super Instructions over the threshold

Super Instruction	Uses in compiled code
LOAD_CONST_LOAD_CONST	5971
CALL_SYMBOL	5492
LOAD_CONST_STORE	3236
CALL_BUILTIN_WITHOUT_RETURN_ADDRESS	1605
CALL_BUILTIN	984
LOAD_CONST_SET_VAL	980
INCREMENT_STORE	622
AT_SYM_SYM	584
GET_FIELD_FROM_SYMBOL_INDEX	512
STORE_LIST	388
GET_FIELD_FROM_SYMBOL	350
APPEND_IN_PLACE_SYM	345
LT_LEN_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	339
CALL_SYMBOL_BY_INDEX	274
EQ_SYM_INDEX_JUMP_IF_TRUE	223
SET_VAL_FROM_INDEX	169
FUSED_MATH	145
SET_VAL_FROM	136
STORE_FROM_INDEX	130
LT_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	125
DECREMENT_STORE	123
STORE_LEN	117
DECREMENT_BY_INDEX	117
GT_CONST_JUMP_IF_FALSE	115
LT_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	98
GT_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	91
AT_SYM_INDEX_SYM_INDEX	83
MUL_BY_INDEX	82
CALL_CURRENT_PAGE	77
EQ_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	53
AT_SYM_INDEX_CONST	53
MUL_BY	47
GT_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	40
STORE_HEAD_BY_INDEX	37
STORE_TAIL_BY_INDEX	36
INCREMENT_BY_INDEX	35
CHECK_TYPE_OF_BY_INDEX	30

[coveralls]

Coverage Report for CI Build 34028789567

Coverage decreased (-0.3%) to 94.123%

Details

• Coverage decreased (-0.3%) from the base build.
• Patch coverage: 37 uncovered changes across 3 files (90 of 127 lines covered, 70.87%).
• 6 coverage regressions across 2 files.

Uncovered Changes

File	Changed	Covered	%
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Statistics.cpp	27	11	40.74%
src/arkreactor/State.cpp	19	3	15.79%
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Pass.cpp	17	12	70.59%
Total (14 files)	127	90	70.87%

Coverage Regressions

6 previously-covered lines in 2 files lost coverage.

File	Lines Losing Coverage	Coverage
src/arkreactor/State.cpp	5	71.2%
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	1	96.94%

---

Coverage Stats

Relevant Lines:	11452
Covered Lines:	10779
Line Coverage:	94.12%
Coverage Strength:	1167653.31 hits per line

---

💛 - Coveralls

[github-actions]

Fuzzing report

/usr/local/bin/afl-whatsup status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski

Summary stats

    Fuzzers alive : 0
   Dead or remote : 1 (included in stats)
   Total run time : 5 minutes, 0 seconds
      Total execs : 52 thousands
 Cumulative speed : 175 execs/sec
    Pending items : 158 faves, 1415 total
 Coverage reached : 8.87%
    Crashes saved : 0
      Hangs saved : 0

Cycles without finds : 0
Time without finds : 0

[+] Captured 46779 tuples (map size 280395, highest value 255, total values 521967873) in '/dev/null'.
[+] A coverage of 46779 edges were achieved out of 280448 existing (16.68%) with 1430 input files.