🐧 Linux Practical Examination Portfolio

• Linux OS Version: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Update this with your system's version if different)
• Student Name: [AADESH CHAUDHARI]
• Roll Number: [0004]

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📂 Section A — File & Directory Management

Q1. Basic File Operations

• Commands used: mkdir LinuxExam, cd LinuxExam, touch student.txt course.txt result.txt, pwd, ls
• Conclusion: Successfully initialized the sandbox examination workspace and baseline template target files.

Q2. File Management

• Commands used: cp student.txt student_backup.txt, mv course.txt linux_course.txt, rm result.txt, mkdir Documents Backups Scripts, mv student_backup.txt Backups/, ls -R
• Conclusion: Reorganized file layout architecture and moved system backup snapshots cleanly into specified target locations.

Q3. File Content Operations

• Commands used: cat student.txt, cat linux_course.txt, head -n 3 student.txt, tail -n 2 student.txt, wc student.txt
• Conclusion: Populated structured records, verified input via core filters, and printed precise tracking metadata metrics.

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👥 Section B — Users, Groups & Permissions

Q4. User Management

• Commands used: sudo useradd student01, sudo passwd student01, id student01, grep student01 /etc/passwd, su - student01, whoami
• Conclusion: Configured an isolated testing user container environment with proper default home access parameters.

Q5. Group Management

• Commands used: sudo groupadd linuxbatch, sudo usermod -aG linuxbatch student01, groups student01, sudo useradd student02, sudo usermod -aG linuxbatch student02, grep linuxbatch /etc/group
• Conclusion: Established unified group profiles to manage multiple local user permission layers simultaneously.

Q6. File Permissions

• Commands used: touch project.txt, chmod 754 project.txt, ls -l project.txt, chmod 640 project.txt, sudo chown student01:linuxbatch project.txt
• Conclusion: Applied precise octal bitmask permissions and correctly transferred user/group administrative weights.

Q7. Permission Challenge

• Commands used: mkdir public private shared, chmod 777 public, chmod 700 private, chmod 770 shared, ls -ld public private shared
• Conclusion: Verified complete isolation profiles ensuring public, locked, and team-shared compartmentalization states.

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🌐 Section C — Package Management & Services

Q8. Package Management

• Commands used: sudo apt update, sudo apt install apache2 -y, apache2 -v, sudo systemctl start apache2, sudo systemctl status apache2, sudo systemctl enable apache2
• Conclusion: Updated repositories, deployed the HTTP web daemon service layer, and registered it into system boot hooks.

Q9. Apache Web Server Configuration

• Commands used: cd /var/www/html, sudo nano index.html, sudo systemctl restart apache2, curl http://localhost
• Conclusion: Built a customized homepage compiling individual verification markers and validated local rendering states.

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💻 Section D — Processes & System Administration

Q10. Process Management

• Commands used: ps aux, top, pidof apache2, ps -p <PID>, sudo systemctl stop apache2
• Conclusion: Tracked background runtime execution queues and verified diagnostic service initialization/termination cycles.

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🔍 Section E — Searching, Filtering & Logs

Q11. Search and Text Processing

• Commands used: grep -i "pattern" students.txt, wc -l, sort students.txt, find . -name "*.txt"
• Conclusion: Utilized robust regular expressions and pattern search tools to safely extract index logs from datasets.

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🛜 Section F — Networking

Q12. Linux Networking & Challenge

• Commands used: hostname, hostname -I, ifconfig, route -n, ping -c 4 google.com, curl -I google.com
• Conclusion: Checked socket device cards, traced the routing path gateway, and resolved the local HTTP socket problem.