diff --git a/features/db-sqlite-path.feature b/features/db-sqlite-path.feature
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37e7de1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/features/db-sqlite-path.feature
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+@require-sqlite
+Feature: Select the configured SQLite database for file operations
+
+  Scenario Outline: Use the effective database path without changing another database
+    Given a WP install
+    When I run `wp eval 'copy( defined( "DB_PATH" ) ? DB_PATH : FQDB, "selected.sqlite" ); copy( "selected.sqlite", "other.sqlite" );'`
+    And I run `sqlite3 selected.sqlite "CREATE TABLE path_marker (value TEXT); INSERT INTO path_marker VALUES ('selected');"`
+    And I run `sqlite3 other.sqlite "CREATE TABLE path_marker (value TEXT); INSERT INTO path_marker VALUES ('other');"`
+
+    Given a paths.php file:
+      """
+      <?php
+      if ( '' !== '<db_path>' ) {
+          define( 'DB_PATH', __DIR__ . '/<db_path>' );
+      }
+      if ( '' !== '<fqdb>' ) {
+          define( 'FQDB', __DIR__ . '/<fqdb>' );
+      }
+      if ( '' !== '<db_dir>' ) {
+          define( 'DB_DIR', __DIR__ . '/<db_dir>' );
+      }
+      if ( '' !== '<db_file>' ) {
+          define( 'DB_FILE', '<db_file>' );
+      }
+      if ( '' !== '<fqdbdir>' ) {
+          define( 'FQDBDIR', __DIR__ . '/<fqdbdir>' );
+      }
+      """
+    When I run `wp config set path_constants "require __DIR__ . '/paths.php'" --type=variable --raw`
+    And I try `wp eval 'echo "ready";'`
+    Then the return code should be 0
+
+    When I run `wp eval 'echo md5_file( "other.sqlite" );' --skip-wordpress`
+    Then save STDOUT as {OTHER_HASH}
+
+    When I try `wp db export selected.sql`
+    Then the return code should be 0
+    And the selected.sql file should contain:
+      """
+      INSERT INTO path_marker VALUES('selected');
+      """
+    And the selected.sql file should not contain:
+      """
+      INSERT INTO path_marker VALUES('other');
+      """
+
+    When I try `wp db drop --yes`
+    Then the return code should be 0
+    And the selected.sqlite file should not exist
+
+    When I run `wp eval 'echo md5_file( "other.sqlite" );' --skip-wordpress`
+    Then STDOUT should be:
+      """
+      {OTHER_HASH}
+      """
+
+    Examples:
+      | db_path         | fqdb            | db_dir | db_file         | fqdbdir |
+      | selected.sqlite | other.sqlite    | other  | other.sqlite    | other/  |
+      | selected.sqlite | selected.sqlite | /      | selected.sqlite | /       |
+      |                 | selected.sqlite |        |                 |         |
+      |                 |                 |        | selected.sqlite | /       |
+
+  Scenario Outline: Reject file operations on an in-memory SQLite database
+    Given a WP install
+    And an input.sql file:
+      """
+      SELECT 1;
+      """
+    When I run `wp config set <constant> :memory:`
+    And I run `wp db query "SELECT 1 AS value" --skip-column-names`
+    Then STDOUT should be:
+      """
+      1
+      """
+
+    When I try `wp db <command>`
+    Then the return code should be 1
+    And STDERR should be:
+      """
+      Error: This command does not support in-memory SQLite databases.
+      """
+    And STDOUT should be empty
+
+    Examples:
+      | constant | command           |
+      | DB_PATH  | create            |
+      | DB_PATH  | drop --yes        |
+      | DB_PATH  | reset --yes       |
+      | DB_PATH  | export output.sql |
+      | DB_PATH  | import input.sql  |
+      | FQDB     | create            |
+      | FQDB     | drop --yes        |
+      | FQDB     | reset --yes       |
+      | FQDB     | export output.sql |
+      | FQDB     | import input.sql  |
diff --git a/features/db.feature b/features/db.feature
index 2fcbe899..07656dcb 100644
--- a/features/db.feature
+++ b/features/db.feature
@@ -387,8 +387,7 @@ Feature: Perform database operations
       Query succeeded. Rows affected: 1
       """
 
-  @require-sqlite @skip-windows
-  # Skipped on Windows due to persistent file locking issues when run via Behat.
+  @require-sqlite
   Scenario: SQLite DB CRUD operations
     Given a WP install
     And a session_yes file:
@@ -425,8 +424,7 @@ Feature: Perform database operations
       total
       """
 
-  @require-sqlite @skip-windows
-  # Skipped on Windows due to persistent file locking issues when run via Behat.
+  @require-sqlite
   Scenario: SQLite DB export/import
     Given a WP install
     And a session_yes file:
diff --git a/src/DB_Command_SQLite.php b/src/DB_Command_SQLite.php
index 4ffe93a3..b864bf19 100644
--- a/src/DB_Command_SQLite.php
+++ b/src/DB_Command_SQLite.php
@@ -63,8 +63,20 @@ protected function is_sqlite() {
 	 * @return string|false Path to SQLite database file, or false if not found.
 	 */
 	protected function get_sqlite_db_path() {
+		if ( defined( 'DB_PATH' ) ) {
+			if ( ':memory:' === DB_PATH ) {
+				WP_CLI::error( 'This command does not support in-memory SQLite databases.' );
+			}
+
+			return DB_PATH;
+		}
+
 		// Check for FQDB constant (fully qualified database path).
 		if ( defined( 'FQDB' ) ) {
+			if ( ':memory:' === FQDB ) {
+				WP_CLI::error( 'This command does not support in-memory SQLite databases.' );
+			}
+
 			return FQDB;
 		}