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name mfg-supplier-scorecard
description Evaluate and manage suppliers using weighted scorecards across quality, delivery, price, and service dimensions. Use this skill when the user needs to assess supplier performance, compare vendors for selection, design a supplier rating system, or manage supplier development — even if they say 'which supplier should we choose', 'rate our vendors', 'this supplier keeps delivering late', or 'build a vendor evaluation system'.
metadata
category tags
WP-03 製造業
manufacturing
procurement
supplier-management

Supplier Scorecard

Framework

IRON LAW: Evaluate on QCDS (Quality, Cost, Delivery, Service) — Not Just Price

The cheapest supplier who delivers defective parts late with no support
is the most expensive supplier. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes:
purchase price + incoming inspection + rework + downtime from defects +
expediting fees + management overhead.

NEVER select suppliers on price alone.

Four Evaluation Dimensions (QCDS)

Dimension Weight (typical) KPIs
Quality 30-40% Defect rate (PPM), incoming inspection pass rate, certifications (ISO 9001), corrective action responsiveness
Cost 20-30% Unit price, total cost of ownership, price stability, payment terms
Delivery 20-30% On-time delivery rate, lead time, lead time variability, flexibility for rush orders
Service 10-20% Responsiveness, communication quality, technical support, willingness to collaborate on improvements

Scoring Method

  1. Define KPIs per dimension (2-3 per dimension)
  2. Set weights (must sum to 100%)
  3. Score each KPI: 1-5 scale with clear definitions:
    • 5 = Excellent (top 10% of suppliers)
    • 4 = Good (meets all requirements consistently)
    • 3 = Acceptable (meets most requirements)
    • 2 = Below expectations (frequent issues)
    • 1 = Unacceptable (critical problems)
  4. Calculate weighted total
  5. Classify: A (>4.0), B (3.0-4.0), C (2.0-3.0), D (<2.0)

Supplier Classification & Actions

Grade Score Strategy
A >4.0 Preferred supplier, increase business, joint development
B 3.0-4.0 Approved supplier, maintain, targeted improvement
C 2.0-3.0 Conditional, improvement plan required within 90 days
D <2.0 Phase out, begin alternative sourcing immediately

Risk Assessment

Risk Factor Question Mitigation
Single source Is this supplier the only source for a critical component? Develop backup supplier
Geographic Is the supplier in a region prone to disruption? Dual-source across regions
Financial Is the supplier financially stable? Monitor credit, require financial disclosures
Capacity Can the supplier scale with our growth? Capacity commitment agreements
IP Does the supplier have access to our proprietary designs? NDA + IP clauses in contract

Supplier Development Program (SDP)

For C-grade suppliers worth keeping:

  1. Gap analysis: Where specifically are they falling short?
  2. Improvement plan: Specific, measurable, time-bound targets
  3. Support: Provide training, share best practices, co-invest if needed
  4. Review: Monthly progress checks, 90-day formal reassessment
  5. Decision: Improved to B+ → continue. Still C or worse → phase out.

Output Format

# Supplier Scorecard: {Supplier Name}

## Overall Score: {X.X} / 5.0 — Grade: {A/B/C/D}

## Detailed Scores
| Dimension | Weight | Score | Weighted |
|-----------|--------|-------|---------|
| Quality | {%} | {X.X} | {X.XX} |
| Cost | {%} | {X.X} | {X.XX} |
| Delivery | {%} | {X.X} | {X.XX} |
| Service | {%} | {X.X} | {X.XX} |
| **Total** | **100%** | — | **{X.XX}** |

## KPI Details
| KPI | Target | Actual | Score |
|-----|--------|--------|-------|
| Defect rate | <500 PPM | {X} PPM | {1-5} |
| On-time delivery | >95% | {%} | {1-5} |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |

## Risk Assessment
| Risk | Level | Mitigation |
|------|-------|-----------|
| {risk} | H/M/L | {action} |

## Action Plan
{Based on grade: preferred/maintain/improve/phase out}

Gotchas

  • Weighting should reflect YOUR priorities: A medical device company should weight Quality at 50%+. A commodity buyer might weight Cost at 40%. Don't use generic weights.
  • Score inflation: Purchasing teams may inflate scores to avoid difficult conversations with suppliers. Require data-backed evidence for each score.
  • Review frequency: A-grade quarterly, B/C-grade monthly, D-grade weekly until resolved.
  • Supplier relationship matters: Scorecards are tools for improvement, not punishment. Share results with suppliers transparently — the best suppliers want feedback.
  • TCO includes hidden costs: Don't forget: incoming inspection labor, warehouse space for safety stock (to cover unreliable delivery), engineering time for quality issues, customs/logistics for overseas suppliers.

References

  • For TCO calculation methodology, see references/tco-calculation.md
  • For supplier audit checklists, see references/supplier-audit.md